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Los casos de hepatitis A son cada vez más comunes en los Estados Unidos. La literatura sobre la transmisión y prevención de la hepatitis A se centra en el manejo de un estudio encubierto. Los estudios encubiertos son una práctica ilegal que permite a las compañías no revelar sus resultados a los reguladores porque sus investigaciones son confidenciales. Por lo tanto, los estudios encubiertos sólo son publicados con la autorización de las compañías, el cual está por encima de la legislación. Esto hace que la información pueda ser confidencial y secreto. Two aspects of food safety are direct and indirect.[5] The indirect approach is the main focus in the study of food safety.[5] The broad objective of this research is to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. HAV is a non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus that has the ability to infect both humans and animals. HAV has been categorized into four main types: alpha, beta, gamma and delta hepatitis A virus.[5] The hepatitis A virus can be further categorized by HAV genotypes.[5] There are two major genotypes which are the delta and the b infection types. The delta hepatitis A virus is most commonly seen in North America followed by the b hepatitis A virus (4:1).[7] The prevalence of liver disease and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) that involve HAV probably depends on factors such as age, race, sex, place of origin and country of origin. HAV transmission occurs primarily through the fecal–oral route. HAV (causes of hepatitis A) can cause acute or chronic liver disease in adults and children.[1] In addition, HAV is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries.[1] Hepatitis A in Japan was linked to a food product in May 2011.[9] Genetic sequencing determined there was a unique strain in the contaminated flour, suggesting person-to-person spread from an as yet unknown source.[9][10] [15] Among the 306 people infected, 183 had been exposed to raw flour produced at one specific factory in Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture. The flour, produced in April and May 2011, was then distributed to the entire country and overseas by a food-manufacturing company.[16] Ninety-eight of the 306 infected people had consumed the raw flour directly. Forty-one were exposed via cross-contamination through food products such as bread. The number of infected people totaled 242 at its peak in June 2011, falling to 213 at the end of July 2011.[9] One person died from liver failure. Of those infected who were otherwise healthy at the time of exposure, 62% developed jaundice and 11% exhibited symptoms that required hospitalization; none of these cases resulted in death. cfa1e77820
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